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Table 3 Cox proportional hazards models used to evaluate influence of baseline characteristics and medical history on survival

From: Disease-related determinants are associated with mortality in dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease

 

Model 1 unadjusted

Model 2 adjusted for age and sex

Model 3: model 2 plus MMSE and duration of complaints

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p Value

HR (95% CI)

p Value

Demographics

 Male sexa

1.57 (1.20–2.07)

0.001

1.60 (1.22–2.11)

0.001

1.79 (1.35–2.37)

0.000

 Age

1.27 (1.11–1.46)

0.001

1.29 (1.12–1.48)

0.000

1.33 (1.15–1.53)

0.000

 Years of education

0.99 (0.86–1.13)

0.844

0.97 (0.84–1.11)

0.636

1.0 (0.90–11.9)

0.671

 Years of complaints

0.88 (0.76–1.03)

0.107

0.88 (0.76–1.03)

0.103

0.87 (0.74–1.01)

0.060

APOE ε4 carriera

0.79 (0.59–1.06)

0.114

0.81 (0.61–1.09)

0.163

0.81 (0.60–1.09)

0.170

 Activities of daily living (DAD)b

1.13 (0.97–1.31)

0.124

1.11 (0.95–1.29)

0.204

1.09 (0.94–1.26)

0.278

Medical history

 Smoking presenta

1.18 (0.89–1.55)

0.250

1.09 (0.82–1.45)

0.541

1.12 (0.85–1.49)

0.419

 Hypertension presenta

1.24 (0.94–1.64)

0.130

1.11 (0.83–1.49)

0.467

1.10 (0.82–1.47)

0.528

 Hypercholesterolemia presenta

0.86 (0.62–1.19)

0.861

0.73 (0.52–1.01)

0.059

0.75 (0.54–1.05)

0.091

 Diabetes mellitus presenta

0.72 (0.43–1.22)

0.228

0.62 (0.37–1.06)

0.079

0.65 (0.40–1.05)

0.108

 Cardiovascular disease presenta

1.35 (0.99–1.84)

0.060

1.07 (0.77–1.48)

0.700

1.09 (0.78–1.51)

0.625

 No. of medications

1.17 (1.03–1.33)

0.017

1.08 (0.95–1.24)

0.251

1.11 (0.97–1.28)

0.125

  1. Abbreviations: APOE Apolipoprotein E, DAD Disability Assessment for Dementia, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination
  2. Data are presented as HR (95% CI) using pooled data of 15 imputations per SD increase for continuous variables or for the presence of the dichotomous variable for mortality
  3. a Dichotomous variable
  4. b Because a lower score indicates worse performance, these scores were inverted