Assessment of kallikrein 6 as a cross-sectional and longitudinal biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline

Characteristics	Control subjects (n = 58)	MCI-MCI (n = 27)	MCI-AD (n = 28)	AD-AD (n = 28)	p Value
Sex, M/F, %	32/68	56/44	42/58	50/50
Age at examination, years^a	67 (57–77)	64 (53–78)	64 (56–71)^b	64 (54–78)^c	0.0016
MMSE score^a	30 (28–30)	28 (25–30)^d	27 (23–29)^d	23 (16–27)^d	< 0.0001
APOE ε4 status (−/−, +/−, +/+)	32, 19, 0	7, 3, 7	5, 8, 11	5, 16, 7
CSF Aβ₄₂, pg/mL^a	970 (499–1674)	647 (173–1065)^d	494 (283–1060)^d	460 (212–1092)^d	< 0.0001
CSF Aβ₄₀, pg/mL^a	17,134 (11,152–40,851)	12,554 (3553–31,343)^c	15,419 (8021–23,258)	15,397 (6008–29,090)	0.0056
CSF t-tau, pg/mL^a	269 (137–1314)	280 (98–1057)	533 (163–2325)^d	669 (222–1540)^d	< 0.0001
CSF p-tau, pg/mL^a	53 (33–135)	54 (16–131)	87 (37–169)^d	93.0 (36–157)^d	< 0.0001

Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, APOE Apolipoprotein E, Aβ₄₂ Amyloid-β 1–42, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, p-tau Phosphorylated tau, t-tau Total tau, AD-AD Patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease at inclusion, Aβ₄₀ Amyloid-β 1–40, MCI-AD Patients with mild cognitive impairment who developed Alzheimer’s disease, MCI-MCI Patients with mild cognitive impairment that remained unchanged over 24 months
Sex is presented as percentage male vs female; age at inclusion to the study, MMSE scores, t-tau, p-tau, Aβ₄₂ and Aβ₄₀ levels are presented as median with range. Statistical significance for differences in MMSE scores and levels of CSF biomarkers upon pairwise comparison of control subjects with the MCI-MCI, MCI-AD and AD-AD groups is presented after Bonferroni correction (n = 6). APOE ε4 genotype status is presented as null (−/−), heterozygous (+/−) and homozygous (+/+). p Value is reported for non-parametric analysis of variance among groups by Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test
^aMedian (minimum–maximum)
^bp < 0.05
^cp < 0.01
^dp < 0.001

ISSN: 1758-9193