Table 1 Demographic characteristic of HC and CI participants
HC (N = 164) | CI (N = 120) | p value (univariate) | p value (GLM)* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
Mean (SD) | 66.88 (8.09) | 69.38 (9.51) | 0.008 | |
Years of education | ||||
Mean (SD) | 11.60 (3.75) | 11.39 (3.84) | 0.653 | |
Gender | ||||
Male (%) | 86 (52.4) | 60 (50.0) | 0.719 | |
Race, N (%) | ||||
Chinese | 93 (56.7) | 57 (47.5) | ||
Malay | 38 (23.2) | 39 (32.5) | ||
Indian | 11 (6.7) | 5 (4.2) | ||
Filipinos and others | 22 (13.4) | 19 (15.8) | 0.220 | |
Employment, N (%) | ||||
Unemployed | 23 (14.0) | 9 (7.5) | ||
Employed | 36 (22.0) | 26 (21.7) | ||
Retired | 104 (63.4) | 85 (70.8) | 0.203 | |
Language administered, N (%) | ||||
English | 63 (38.4) | 35 (29.2) | ||
Mandarin | 46 (28.0) | 27 (22.5) | ||
Malay | 19 (11.6) | 20 (16.7) | ||
Others | 36 (22.0) | 38 (31.7) | 0.095 | |
MoCA | ||||
Mean (SD) | 25.52 (3.37) | 16.59 (5.75) | <0.001 | < 0.001 |
VCAT memory | ||||
Mean (SD) | 10.54 (1.83) | 5.90 (3.39) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
VCAT language | ||||
Mean (SD) | 4.07 (0.80) | 3.06 (1.13) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
VCAT visuospatial | ||||
Mean (SD) | 2.28 (0.56) | 1.92 (0.74) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
VCAT executive function | ||||
Mean (SD) | 4.04 (1.66) | 2.81 (1.56) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
VCAT attention | ||||
Mean (SD) | 1.55 (1.35) | 0.50 (0.99) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
VCAT total | ||||
Mean (SD) | 22.48 (3.50) | 14.17 (5.05) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |