Table 3 Rho GTPase modulation and behavioral modifications

C57BL/6, male, 2-month-old

CNF1

(1) Enhanced associative emotional memories in the fear conditioning test.

(2) Improved spatial learning in the water maze paradigm.

[49]

ICR, male, 2-month-old

Y27632

(1) Increased anxiety-related behaviors:

a. Spent less time on the open arms of elevated plus-maze test.

b. Frequently froze in the fear-conditioning test.

c. Decreased head-dipping behavior in the hole-board test.

(2) No spatial learning alteration in the Y-maze test.

[89]

TgCRND8, male/female, 4-month-old

CNF1

(1) Decreased locomotor hyperactivity in the open field test.

(2) Corrected the deficit of spatial learning in the water maze paradigm.

[78]

ApoE4, male/female, 12-month-old

CNF1

(1) Improved spatial learning memory in the water maze paradigm.

(2) Enhanced the non-spatial learning memory in passive avoidance test.

(3) CNF1 treatment did not induce anxiety behaviors. (No significant difference was observed in the elevated plus maze and open field test)

[81]

MeCP2-308, female, 12-month-old

CNF1

(1) Reversed the spatial reference memory deficit in the Barne maze test.

[83]

αPIX/ARHGEF6 knockout, male, ~6-month-old

None

(1) Slow adaptation of new target in the water maze test.

(2) Intact spatial learning memory was observed in the eight-arm radial maze test.

(3) Overly increased activity to the unknown object in the open field test.

(4) Displayed a deficit in the complex spatial learning ability in the IntelliCage test.

[88]

Arg ^–/– , male, ~4-month-old

None

(1) Failed to distinguish the novel object in the object recognition task.

[86]