|
Groups
|
HC (n = 30)
|
AD (n = 41)
|
AD + CeVD (n = 25)
|
VaD (n = 19)
|
Overall ANOVA (F test)
|
|---|
|
Age, years
|
71.4 (6.7)
|
74.9 (8.0)
|
75.7 (5.3)
|
74.1 (7.2)
|
2.4
|
|
Sex, F/M
|
15/15
|
15/26
|
8/17
|
11/8
|
χ2 = 4.3
|
|
Handedness, L/R
|
3/27
|
0/41
|
0/25
|
0/19
|
–
|
|
Ethnicity, C/N
|
28/2
|
33/8
|
18/7
|
15/4
|
χ2 = 4.4
|
|
CDR-SB
|
0.1 (0.2)
|
6.2 (2.2)a
|
7.2 (2.9)a
|
6.4 (2.5)a
|
69.6b
|
|
MMSE (maximum score 30)
|
28.2 (1.3)
|
16.8 (5.0)a
|
15.6 (4.1)a
|
17.4 (4.6) a
|
60.3b
|
|
WMH visual rating
|
4.3 (2.3)
|
5.0 (1.3)
|
11.2 (4.5) a,c
|
9.2 (4.6) a,c
|
29.3b
|
|
Patients with cognitive scores
| |
AD (n = 33)
|
AD + CeVD (n = 20)
|
VaD (n = 16)
|
ANOVA (F test)
|
|
Age
| |
75.6 (7.6)
|
75.1 (5.7)
|
73.8 (8.4)
|
0.3
|
|
Sex, F/M
| |
12/21
|
7/13
|
10/6
|
χ2 = 3.6
|
|
Handedness L/R
| |
0/33
|
0/29
|
0/16
|
–
|
|
Ethnicity, C/N
| |
25/8
|
14/6
|
13/3
|
χ2 = 0.6
|
|
CDR-SB
| |
6.3 (2.4)
|
7.3 (2.9)
|
6.6 (2.6)
|
0.9
|
|
MMSE (maximum score 30)
| |
16.4 (5.2)
|
15.8 (4.5)
|
17.4 (4.4)
|
0.5
|
|
Visual construction
| |
0.09 (1.0)
|
−0.08 (0.9)
|
−0.09 (1.1)
|
0.3
|
|
Visual motor
| |
0.09 (1.1)
|
−0.08 (0.9)
|
−0.08 (1.0)
|
0.2
|
|
Attention
| |
0.09 (1.1)
|
0.02 (0.8)
|
−0.21 (1.1)
|
0.5
|
|
Executive functioning
| |
0.17 (1.1)
|
−0.18 (0.9)
|
−0.13 (1.0)
|
0.9
|
|
Language
| |
0.09 (1.1)
|
−0.15 (0.9)
|
0 (0.9)
|
0.4
|
|
Verbal memory
| |
−0.07 (1.1)
|
−0.22 (0.6)
|
0.42 (1.1)
|
2.0
|
|
Visuospatial memory
| |
−0.09 (1.1)
|
−0.21 (0.8)
|
0.45 (1.1)
|
2.3
|
-
Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, AD + CeVD Alzheimer’s disease with cerebrovascular disease, ANOVA Analysis of variance, C/N Chinese/non-Chinese, CDR-SB Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, HC Healthy control subjects, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, VaD Vascular dementia, WMH White matter hyperintensity
- Values represent mean (SD). The WMH visual rating was measured by the age-related WM change scale score. A subset of patients with complete cognitive scores was used for brain-cognition association analyses
-
a Group mean was different from HC on the basis of post hoc pairwise comparisons (p < 0.05)
-
b Group differences at p < 0.05 significance level
-
c Group mean was different from the AD group (p < 0.05)
