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Table 2 Effects on neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms

From: Structured physical exercise improves neuropsychiatric symptoms in acute dementia care: a hospital-based RCT

 

Intervention group, mean (SD)

Control group, mean (SD)

RM ANOVA group × time

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

F(1,68)

p

d

1 – β

NPI totala

22.5 (12.3)

10.3 (7.3)

22.5 (13.9)

16.2 (9.9)

4.4

0.04

0.51

0.99

 Psychotic symptoms

3.3 (5.9)

1.0 (1.9)

2.8 (4.6)

1.9 (3.3)

1.6

0.22

0.30

0.70

 Emotional symptoms

11.0 (7.3)

4.0 (4.2)

10.7 (9.0)

7.2 (5.9)

3.7

0.06

0.75

0.99

 Behavior symptoms

6.9 (4.9)

4.0 (4.4)

6.1 (4.5)

5.2 (4.6)

4.6

0.04

0.52

0.99

 Neurovegetative symptoms

1.3 (2.7)

1.3 (2.8)

2.9 (4.6)

1.9 (3.1)

0.8

0.39

0.21

0.41

CMAI totalb

51.4 (12.5)

41.7 (10.2)

51.3 (12.4)

45.5 (10.7)

2.6

0.11

0.40

0.90

 Aggressive behavior

15.9 (5.1)

12.9 (1.8)

16.5 (5.8)

14.1 (2.9)

<0.1

0.57

0.42

0.21

 Physically nonaggressive behavior

16.3 (7.4)

13.9 (7.5)

16.8 (6.1)

14.9 (6.7)

0.2

0.70

0.11

0.15

 Verbally agitated behavior

11.3 (5.9)

7.4 (4.1)

9.7 (4.4)

8.8 (4.4)

7.9

0.01

0.68

0.99

 Hiding and hoarding

2.3 (1.5)

2.4 (1.5)

2.7 (2.3)

2.3 (1.1)

2.3

0.33

0.24

0.50

  1. Number of patients: n = 35 in each group
  2. CMAI Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, d effect size (Cohen’s d), F F-ratio from ANOVA (between-group degrees of freedom, within-group degrees of freedom), p statistical significance, RM-ANOVA repeated-measures analysis of variance, 1 – β test power, SD standard deviation
  3. aNPI range and scaling, 0–144 points (0 meaning no symptoms); dimensions: psychotic symptoms, 0–24 points (0 meaning no symptoms); emotional symptoms, 0–48 points (0 meaning no symptoms); behavior symptoms, 0–48 points (0 meaning no symptoms); neurovegetative symptoms, 0–24 points (0 meaning no symptoms)
  4. bCMAI range and scaling, 29–203 points (29 meaning no symptoms); dimensions: aggressive behavior, 12–84 points (12 meaning no symptoms); physically nonaggressive behavior, 6–42 points (6 meaning no symptoms); verbally agitated behavior, 4–28 points (4 meaning no symptoms); hiding and hoarding, 2–14 points (2 meaning no symptoms)