Table 4 Association between baseline characteristics and cognitive categories in the MEMENTO cohort

No. of subjects

370

207

998

392

346

Female sex, %

65.4

51.2

57.3

66.8

71.7

<0.0001

Age in years, mean (SD)

69.8 (8.0)

68.8 (9.6)

70.9 (9.0)

71.6 (8.0)

72.2 (8.6)

<0.0001

Baccalaureate degree or above, %

65.8

58.0

47.3

61.9

55.2

<0.0001

Diabetes, %

4.9

7.3

8.9

5.6

7.8

0.07

Hypertension, %

28.4

34.3

35.4

31.6

37.0

0.08

Dyslipidaemia, %

26.0

26.1

30.5

26.3

25.1

0.19

History of cardiovascular disease, %

9.0

10.7

13.5

11.0

11.9

0.21

Apathy, %

7.1

15.7

22.2

14.3

17.7

<0.0001

Depression, %

27.3

31.1

38.9

27.6

33.4

<0.0001

Anxiety, %

32.1

43.3

46.9

36.9

42.1

<0.0001

 One

8.3

7.4

10.1

11.2

13.4

0.04

 Two or more

1.7

2.6

3.3

0.8

3.3

SPPB score, mean (SD)

10.9 (0.09)

10.5 (0.13)

10.3 (0.06)

10.7 (0.09)

10.5 (0.10)

<0.0001

At least one APOE ε4 allele carried, %

26.0

27.3

33.5

20.9

26.0

0.007

CDR Sum of Boxes, mean (SE)

0.33 (0.03)

0.50 (0.05)

0.85 (0.02)

0.38 (0.03)

0.53 (0.04)

<0.0001

MMSE score, mean (SE)

28.7 (0.09)

28.3 (0.12)

27.3 (0.06)

28.5 (0.09)

27.9 (0.10)

<0.0001

Verbal fluency, letter P, mean (SE)

24.0 (0.34)

22.9 (0.45)

18.5 (0.21)

22.0 (0.33)

18.7 (0.35)

<0.0001

Verbal fluency, animals, mean (SE)

33.7 (0.41)

31.6 (0.55)

25.0 (0.25)

21.3 (0.40)

26.9 (0.41)

<0.0001

DMS48, immediate recall, mean (SE)

46.9 (0.18)

43.9 (0.24)

42.5 (0.11)

46.9 (0.17)

46.8 (0.19)

<0.0001

Praxis total score, mean (SE)

22.7 (0.08)

22.6 (0.10)

21.5 (0.05)

22.1 (0.07)

21.2 (0.08)

<0.0001

TMT A time, seconds, mean(SE)

1.6 (0.04)

1.6 (0.06)

2.3 (0.03)

1.9 (0.4)

2.3 (0.05)

<0.0001

TMT B time, seconds, mean (SE)

3.5 (0.21)

3.7 (0.29)

6.4 (0.13)

4.2 (0.21)

5.7 (0.22)

<0.0001

FCSRT, total immediate free recall, mean (SE)

30.7 (0.36)

25.7 (0.48)

21.9 (0.22)

29.8 (0.34)

28.0 (0.37)

<0.0001

FCSRT, total free and cued delayed recall, mean (SE)

15.8 (0.11)

14.8 (0.14)

13.9 (0.10)

15.8 (0.10)

15.8 (0.11)

<0.0001

Digit span, standardised score, mean (SE)

11.2 (0.15)

10.9 (0.20)

9.4 (0.09)

10.4 (0.15)

8.9 (0.16)

<0.0001

Rey Complex Figure Test, immediate copy score, mean (SE)

34.0 (0.22)

33.6 (0.29)

32.1 (0.13)

33.8 (0.21)

32.5 (0.22)

<0.0001

Rey Complex Figure Test, 3-minute copy score, mean (SE)

19.3 (0.31)

14.4 (0.42)

11.6 (0.19)

18.8 (0.30)

16.4 (0.34)

<0.0001

FAB score, mean (SE)

17.5 (0.08)

17.5 (0.11)

15.5 (0.05)

16.5 (0.08)

15.4 (0.09)

<0.0001

DO 80 score, mean (SE)

79.5 (0.17)

79.1 (0.22)

77.9 (0.11)

79.2 (0.16)

78.7 (0.17)

<0.0001

Hippocampal volume, right, cm³, mean (SE)

2.84 (0.02)

2.77 (0.03)

2.68 (0.01)

2.84 (0.02)

2.78 (0.02)

<0.0001

Hippocampal volume, left, cm³, mean (SE)

2.75 (0.02)

2.65 (0.03)

2.60 (0.01)

2.73 (0.02)

2.67 (0.02)

<0.0001

Brain parenchymal fraction, %, mean (SE)

81.6 (0.06)

81.5 (0.08)

81.4 (0.04)

81.7 (0.06)

81.4 (0.06)

<0.0001

White matter lesion volume, cm³, mean (SE)

7.9 (0.76)

10.5 (1.0)

12.0 (0.46)

9.3 (0.74)

9.3 (0.78)

<0.0001

Cortical thickness, right, mm, mean (SE)

2.34 (0.01)

2.33 (0.01)

2.31 (0.003)

2.34 (0.005)

2.32 (0.006)

<0.0001

Cortical thickness, left, mm, mean (SE)

2.34 (0.005)

2.33 (0.01)

2.32 (0.003)

2.34 (0.005)

2.32 (0.006)

0.0005

Angular and parietal inferior, right, FDG uptake, mean (SE)

1.79 (0.01)

1.77 (0.02)

1.70 (0.01)

1.79 (0.01)

1.74 (0.01)

<0.0001

Parietal inferior, left, FDG uptake, mean (SE)

1.75 (0.01)

1.74 (0.02)

1.67 (0.01)

1.76 (0.01)

1.71 (0.01)

<0.0001

Precuneus and cingulum, posterior left, FDG uptake, mean (SE)

2.00 (0.01)

1.97 (0.02)

1.89 (0.01)

1.99 (0.01)

1.94 (0.01)

<0.0001

Temporal, inferior left, FDG uptake, mean (SE)

1.65 (0.01)

1.64 (0.01)

1.58 (0.01)

1.65 (0.01)

1.61 (0.01)

<0.0001

Temporal, inferior right, FDG uptake, mean (SE)

1.68 (0.01)

1.65 (0.01)

1.60 (0.01)

1.66 (0.01)

1.64 (0.01)

<0.0001