Table 1 Characteristics of participants by gender

Age (years)

57.5 (16.8)

(21–100)

56.0 (19.6)

(22–88)

70.0 (8.5)

(50–100)

72.1 (9.1)

(50–90)

BMI (kg/m²)

25.8 (4.3)

(18–41)

26.4 (3.4)

(20–37)

25.7 (4.3)

(18–39)

26.3 (3.0)

(20–36)

Education (years)

15.8 (2.5)

(10–22)

16.5 (2.8)*

(10–27)

15.8 (2.5)

(9–23)

16.2 (2.6)

(10–25)

MMSE score

29.3 (0.9)

(26–30)

29.2 (1.2)

(25–30)

29.5 (0.9)

(25–30)

28.8 (1.4)*

(24–30)

APOE-ε4 positive, n (%)

67 (38)

48 (31)

49/136 (36)

33/100 (33)

Aβ₄₂ (pg/ml)

331 (135)

(63–821)

323 (116)

(98–801)

Total tau (pg/ml)

47.9 (13.4)

(7–91)

50.5 (15.0)

(18–130)

p-tau₁₈₁ (pg/ml)

31.3 (8.4)

(<7–67)

32.6 (12.7)

(9–107)

E-selectin (pg/ml)

42.1 (33.2)

(1.5–188)

60.3 (42.1)

(1.5–226)

VCAM1 (ng/ml)

115 (59)

(34–343)

147 (70)

(42–429)