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Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample

From: Association between blood pressure and Alzheimer disease measured up to 27 years prior to diagnosis: the HUNT Study

 

No dementia

All dementia

Alzheimer disease

Vascular dementia

Alzheimer disease, mixed

P valuea

Total study population, n

24,059

579

383

118

78

 

Female sex, n (%)

12,758 (53.0)

373 (64.4)

257 (67.1)

63 (53.4)

53 (67.9)

0.00

Age in HUNT 1 (1984–1986), years, mean (SD)

50.2 (11.4)

59.9 (7.0)

60.2 (6.8)

58.5 (8.0)

60.7 (6.0)

0.00

 HUNT 1b: Education completion, n (%)

     

0.00

  Primary

14,371 (59.7)

442 (76.3)

292 (76.2)

90 (76.3)

60 (76.9)

 

  Upper secondary

6032 (25.1)

97 (16.8)

62 (16.2)

22 (18.6)

13 (16.7)

 

  Higher

3656 (15.2)

40 (6.9)

29 (7.6)

6 (5.1)

5 (6.4)

 

 HUNT 1: Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD)

25.4 (3.6)

26.2 (3.8)

26.1 (3.7)

26.6 (4.5)

26.3 (3.2)

0.00

 HUNT 1: Pulse, beats/minute, mean (SD)

72.8 (13.0)

73.8 (13.4)

73.6 (14.0)

73.2 (11.8)

75.3 (12.4)

0.07

 HUNT 1: Systolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD)

134.3 (20.1)

140.7 (20.0)

140.4 (20.0)

142.1 (20.1)

140.4 (20.2)

0.00

 HUNT 1: Diastolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD)

84.5 (10.7)

86.7 (10.7)

86.1 (10.6)

88.1 (10.6)

88.1 (11.3)

0.00

 HUNT 1: Mean arterial pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)

101.1 (12.6)

104.7 (12.5)

104.2 (12.4)

106.1 (12.3)

105.5 (13.1)

0.00

 HUNT 1: Pulse pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)

49.8 (15.1)

54.0 (15.7)

54.3 (15.7)

54.0 (16.2)

52.4 (14.8)

0.00

Age in HUNT 2 (1995–1997), years, mean (SD)

61.6 (11.4)

71.4 (6.9)

71.6 (6.8)

69.9 (7.9)

72.1 (5.9)

0.00

 HUNT 2: Systolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD)

145.4 (22.8)

153.7 (23.2)

152.8 (23.3)

155.4 (21.7)

155.5 (24.4)

0.00

 HUNT 2: Diastolic BP, mmHg, mean (SD)

84.1 (12.1)

84.6 (12.8)

83.8 (12.8)

86.9 (11.7)

85.5 (14.1)

0.30

 HUNT 2: Mean arterial pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)

104.5 (14.4)

107.6 (14.8)

106.8 (14.9)

110.0 (13.3)

108.8 (16.2)

0.00

 HUNT 2: Pulse pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)

61.3 (16.8)

69.0 (17.4)

69.0 (17.3)

68.5 (18.0)

70.0 (17.5)

0.00

 HUNT 2: Cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD)

6.3 (1.2)

6.7 (1.2)

6.7 (1.2)

6.6 (1.2)

6.6 (1.2)

0.00

 HUNT 2: Nonfasting blood glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD)

5.7 (1.7)

5.9 (1.7)

5.8 (1.8)

6.0 (1.8)

5.8 (1.5)

0.03

 HUNT 2: Waist-to-hip ratio

0.86 (0.08)

0.85 (0.08)

0.85 (0.08)

0.87 (0.07)

0.85 (0.07)

0.04

 HUNT 2: Estimated glomerular filtration rate, ml/minute/1.73 m2

70.2 (13.6)

63.1 (12.3)

62.9 (12.3)

64.5 (14.1)

62.2 (9.2)

0.00

  Antihypertensive tablet, current or past, n (%)

5389 (22.4)

190 (32.8)

120 (31.3)

45 (38.1)

25 (32.1)

0.00

  Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

307 (1.3)

5 (0.9)

4 (1.0)

1 (3.4)

0

0.38

  Myocardial infarction, n (%)

314 (1.3)

9 (1.6)

8 (2.1)

1 (0.8)

0

0.60

  Angina pectoris, n (%)

2047 (8.5)

86 (14.9)

56 (14.6)

18 (15.3)

12 (15.4)

0.00

  Stroke, n (%)

139 (0.6)

5 (0.9)

1 (0.3)

2 (1.7)

2 (2.9)

0.37

  Smoker, n (%)

     

0.00

    Never

9933 (41.3)

292 (50.4)

205 (53.5)

45 (38.1)

42 (53.8)

 

    Ever

9220 (34.2)

197 (34.0)

126 (32.9)

48 (40.7)

23 (29.5)

 

    Current

5906 (24.5)

90 (15.5)

52 (13.6)

25 (21.2)

13 (16.7)

 

  Physical activity frequency, n (%)

     

0.00

    Never

2361 (9.8)

79 (13.6)

51 (13.3)

20 (16.9)

8 (10.3)

 

    Less often than once per week

6899 (28.7)

135 (23.3)

82 (21.4)

30 (25.4)

23 (29.5)

 

    Once per week

6549 (27.2)

135 (23.3)

83 (21.7)

30 (25.4)

22 (28.2)

 

    Two or three times per week

5506 (22.9)

142 (24.5)

109 (28.5)

19 (16.1)

14 (17.9)

 

    Nearly every day

2744 (11.4)

88 (15.2)

58 (15.1)

19 (16.1)

11 (14.1)

 

  Alcohol use during past 2 weeks, n (%)

     

0.00

    Abstainer

2447 (10.2)

94 (16.2)

62 (16.2)

19 (16.1)

13 (16.7)

 

    None

11,014 (45.8)

287 (49.6)

202 (52.7)

52 (44.1)

33 (42.3)

 

    One to four times

9108 (37.9)

155 (26.8)

91 (23.8)

38 (32.2)

26 (33.3)

 

    Five to ten times

740 (3.1)

21 (3.6)

14 (3.7)

4 (3.4)

3 (3.8)

 

    More than ten times

750 (3.1)

22 (3.8)

14 (3.7)

5 (4.2)

3 (3.8)

 

  Subjective health status

     

0.00

    Poor, n (%)

67 (0.3)

3 (0.5)

2 (0.5)

1 (0.8)

0

 

    Not so good, n (%)

3947 (16.4)

144 (24.9)

93 (24.3)

29 (24.6)

22 (28.2)

 

    Good, n (%)

16,053 (66.7)

381 (65.8)

257 (67.1)

74 (62.7)

50 (64.1)

 

    Very good, n (%)

3992 (16.6)

51 (8.8)

31 (8.1)

14 (11.9)

6 (7.7)

 
  1. Abbreviations: BP Blood pressure, HUNT 1 Helse Undersøkelse Nord-Trøndelag (1984–1986), HUNT 2 Helse Undersøkelse Nord-Trøndelag (1995–1997)
  2. a P values are derived from t tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for the binary variables and indicate differences between “no dementia” and “all dementia”
  3. bModel 1: systolic BP