Fig. 1

Venn diagram illustrating the relationship of “decliners” among the different strata. Each circle is labeled according to the neuropsychological test it represents: A, delayed recall Verbal Learning and Memory Test; B, Digit Span Backward test; C, Trail-Making Test; D, Digit Span Forward test; E, Boston Naming Test). The small circle without a label in the same color as E also illustrates decliners in the Boston Naming Test