Table 2 Overview of the errorless learning (EL) and trial and error learning (TEL) arms of the intervention
EL intervention | TEL intervention |
|---|---|
– Task is divided into core elements – Each step is demonstrated by the therapists accompanied with verbal instructions – The patient is then invited to perform the task step, and is verbally guided by the therapists – Only when the patient performs the first step correctly does the therapist demonstrate and instruct the next step – In case of hesitation or (near) error by the patient, the step is repeated again and the sequence is also repeated again (both with demonstrating and verbal instructions by the therapist) – From session six onward it is allowed to fade out help | – The patient must try to perform the task by himself/herself for the first 10 min, regardless of the amount of errors or hesitations – Intervention is only allowed within the first 10 min when the patient becomes irritated or frustrated – After 10 min, intervention is allowed using a stepwise approach: 1. Stimulating the patient by asking open questions 2. Summarizing what has already been done and what the task goal is 3. Giving clear verbal instruction 4. Demonstrating the task steps |