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Table 2 Neuropsychological test raw scores and z-scores of patients and healthy control subjects

From: Cognitive profile in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies

 

Patients with DLB (n = 37)

HCs (n = 29)

p Value

Raw scorea

z-Scorea

Raw scorea

z-Scorea

Global functioning

MMSE (score/30)

27.36 (1.97)

 

29.00 (0.90)

 

0.008

Memory

 FCSRT

IR

15.11 (1.72)

−0.17 (2.34)

15.90 (0.31)

0.81 (0.49)

NS

FR1

7.31 (2.36)

−0.66 (1.00)

8.79 (2.09)

0.02 (0.78)

0.006

FR2

8.28 (2.91)

−0.55 (1.18)

10.62 (2.43)

0.40 (0.91)

0.001

FR3

9.89 (2.67)

−0.51 (1.01)

11.38 (2.50)

0.08 (0.91)

0.035

TR1

14.22 (1.85)

−0.27 (1.12)

15.07 (1.22)

0.29 (0.62)

NS

TR2

14.81 (2.03)

−0.35 (1.76)

15.72 (0.65)

0.49 (0.40)

NS

TR3

15.43 (0.95)

−0.11 (1.04)

15.83 (0.38)

0.31 (0.46)

NS

Recognition

15.79 (0.59)

0.16 (0.93)

15.89 (0.31)

0.35 (0.53)

NS

DFR

9.97 (3.82)

−0.50 (1.69)

12.45 (1.66)

0.53 (0.68)

0.003

DTR

15.15 (1.67)

−0.46 (2.05)

15.90 (0.31)

0.47 (0.66)

NS

 DMS-48

Set 1

44.05 (5.35)

−2.72 (5.71, 32.4)

46.93 (1.28)

0.21 (0.97)

0.021

Set 2

44.23 (4.73)

−2.14 (4.05, 48.6)

47.10 (0.94)

0.14 (0.72)

0.008

Digit span (number of digits)

5.25 (1.13)

 

5.92 (1.02)

 

0.042

Executive function

 FAB

15.49 (2.67)

−2.81 (4.61, 32.4)

17.29 (1.15)

−0.02 (1.44)

0.014

 TMT A

64.89 (34.11)

3.00 (4.32, 51.4)

40.62 (11.00)

0.09 (0.90)

0.011

 TMT B

139.13 (79.20)

3.06 (6.45, 45.9)

90.34 (31.56)

0.12 (1.00)

0.049

 Digit span backward (number of digits)

3.61 (0.90)

 

4.42 (0.83)

 

0.002

 Formal lexical evocation

17.28 (7.42)

−0.45 (1.09)

23.55 (7.11)

0.38 (1.09)

0.007

 Digit symbol (standard score/19)

8.18 (3.23)

 

11.69 (2.65)

 

NS

Instrumental function

 Praxis

Symbolic gesture (score/5)

4.81 (0.46)

 

4.90 (0.41)

 

NS

Pantomime of tool use (score/10)

9.22 (1.03)

 

9.83 (0.38)

 

0.002

Imitation of meaningless gesture (score/8)

6.92 (1.44)

 

7.76 (0.69)

 

0.005

 Language

DO80

77.61 (2.78)

0.39 (1.04)

79.62 (0.62)

0.95 (0.27)

0.022

Formal semantic evocation

25.00 (7.72)

−0.88 (1.36)

37.38 (7.05)

0.69 (0.94)

<0.001

 Visuoconstruction

ROCF

31.44 (5.25)

−1.95 (3.41, 32.4)

34.37 (1.82)

0.13 (0.68)

NS

 Visuoperception (VOSP)

Screening (score/20)

19.55 (1.09)

 

19.96 (0.20)

 

NS

Incomplete letters (score/20)

18.85 (1.66)

 

19.41 (0.80)

 

NS

Dot counting (score/10)

9.78 (0.55)

 

10.00 (0.00)

 

NS

Position discrimination (score/20)

19.05 (1.43)

 

18.73 (2.39)

 

NS

Number location (score/10)

8.47 (1.78)

 

9.46 (0.81)

 

0.047

Cube analysis (score/10)

9.47 (1.11)

 

9.71 (0.55)

 

NS

Social cognition

 Mini-SEA

FPRT

11.40 (2.39)

−1.20 (1.59)

12.73 (2.39)

−0.32 (1.11)

0.026

Facial emotion recognition

12.12 (1.44)

−0.44 (1.31)

12.44 (1.43)

−0.15 (1.30)

NS

 RME test

 

21.19 (4.95)

−0.19 (1.23)

23.19 (3.61)

0.35 (0.88)

0.046

  1. Abbreviations: MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, FCSRT Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, IR immediate recall, FR free recall, TR total recall, DFR delayed free recall, DTR delayed total recall, DMS-48 Delayed Matching to Sample-48 items, FAB Frontal Assessment Battery, TMT Trail Making Test, DO80 Oral Denomination–80 items, ROCF Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test, VOSP Visual Object and Space Perception battery, Mini-SEA Mini-Social Cognition & Emotional Assessment, FPRT Faux Pas Recognition Test, RME Reading the Mind in the Eyes, NS Not significant
  2. Values are mean (SD, % of patients presenting with impairment with regard to normative data); raw scores or z-scores indicating impairment with regard to normative data are shown in boldface type
  3. aRaw scores: MMSE, digit span, FAB, digit span backward, digit symbol, praxis, VOSP; z-scores: FCSRT, DMS-48, TMT, formal lexical evocation, DO80, formal semantic evocation, ROCF, mini-SEA, RME test
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193