Fig. 2

Participants’ memory complaints measured by the MMQ scale. The MMQ-A subscale assesses memory lapses in everyday activities such as names of people and locations of items. MMQ-A was improved significantly after 3-week tDCS application only in the real tDCS group (paired t test, *p < 0.05). The MMQ-C subscale measures the subjective satisfaction of patients’ memory abilities and determines whether subjects experience anxiety regarding their memory problems. MMQ-C was also significantly improved after 3-week tDCS application only in the real tDCS group (paired t test, *p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between real and sham groups in the MMQ-S subscale, which measures the subject’s memory strategies for compensation. Error bar denotes standard deviation. MMQ Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire