Table 2 Reliability and item characteristics: number of respondents per item, corrected item-total correlation, standardized factor loadings from confirmatory factor analysis, infit and outfit MnSq from Rasch analysis, and mean scores

Cognitive

(0.855)

1.42

 C1

Others will discriminate against me if I am with my family member with dementia

270

0.581

0.626

0.99

1.08

1.33

 C2

My reputation is damaged because I have a family member with dementia at home

271

0.605

0.683

0.84

0.68

1.24

 C3

People’s attitude toward me turns sour when I am with my family member with dementia

271

0.600

0.671

1.00

1.11

1.38

 C4

Having a family member with dementia negatively affects me

271

0.483

0.500

1.57

1.51

1.83

 C5

Having a family member with dementia makes me think that I am incompetent compared with others

271

0.767

0.796

0.61

0.61

1.45

 C6

Having a family member with dementia makes me think that I am lesser than others

271

0.763

0.782

0.58

0.55

1.39

 C7

Having a family member with dementia makes me lose face

271

0.705

0.785

0.63

0.51

1.29

Affective

(0.849)

1.88

 A1

I feel inferior because one of my family member has dementia

271

0.448

0.445

1.08

1.10

1.47

 A2

I feel emotionally disturbed because of my family member with dementia

271

0.707

0.790

0.83

0.82

2.22

 A3

The behavior of my family member with dementia embarrasses me

271

0.594

0.635

0.95

0.89

1.79

 A4

I feel helpless because I have a family member with dementia

270

0.657

0.726

0.81

0.93

1.90

 A5

I feel sad because I have a family member with dementia

271

0.703

0.775

0.79

0.84

2.08

 A6

I worry whether others know my family member has dementia

271

0.416

0.394

1.04

0.95

1.33

 A7

I am under great stress because of my family member with dementia

271

0.722

0.811

0.81

0.79

2.37

Behavior

(0.822)

1.53

 B1

I avoid communicating with my family member with dementia

271

0.401

0.435

1.14

1.47

1.47

 B2

I dare not tell others that my family member has dementia

270

0.502

0.567

0.92

1.02

1.37

 B3

I have cut down on going out with my family member with dementia

270

0.518

0.582

1.02

1.13

1.58

 B4

Because of my family member with dementia, I have reduced my contacts with friends and relatives

271

0.557

0.576

0.98

0.99

1.71

 B5

When I am with my family member with dementia, I keep an especially low profile

271

0.569

0.646

1.00

1.03

1.85

 B6

I have reduced my contacts with my family member with dementia

271

0.648

0.725

0.63

0.63

1.37

 B7

I dare not participate in activities related to dementia lest others suspect that my family member has dementia

271

0.641

0.716

0.67

0.74

1.38

 B8

Because of my family member with dementia, I have reduced my contacts with my neighbors

271

0.555

0.567

0.90

0.84

1.53