Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review
Authors | Year | Country | Study name | Study design | Study population (n) | Disclosure | Assessment timepoints | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies on psychological effects | ||||||||
Romero et al. [30] | 2005 | USA | Cohort | 76 | APOE genotype | 1 month, 4 months, 10 months | Emotional reactions | |
Gooding et al. [25] | 2006 | USA | REVEAL QRI | Qualitative | 60 | APOE genotype | >1 year | Coping |
Green et al. [23] | 2009 | USA | REVEAL I | RCT | 162 | APOE genotype | Baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year | Anxiety, depression, test-related distress |
Ashida et al. [31] | 2010 | USA | REVEAL II | RCT | 269 | APOE genotype | Baseline, 6 weeks, 1 year | Relation results communication and anxiety, depression and test-related distress |
Lineweaver et al. [32] | 2014 | USA | Case–control | 144 | APOE genotype | Mean 8.2 months post disclosure | Objective and subjective memory functioning | |
Green et al. [29] | 2014 | USA | REVEAL II | RCT | 343 | APOE genotype | Baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year | Anxiety, depression, distress |
Studies on behavioral effects | ||||||||
Zick et al. [24] | 2005 | USA | REVEAL I | RCT | 162 | APOE genotype | 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year | Insurance uptake |
Chao et al. [22] | 2008 | USA | REVEAL I | RCT | 162 | APOE genotype | 1 year | Health-related behavior: diet, physical exercise, medication/vitamin intake |
Vernarelli et al. [33] | 2010 | USA | REVEAL II | RCT | 272 | APOE genotype | 6 weeks | Health-related behavior: dietary supplement intake |
Taylor et al. [34] | 2010 | USA | REVEAL II | RCT | 276 | APOE genotype | Not reported | Insurance uptake |
Christensen et al. [27] | 2015 | USA | REVEAL II/III | RCT | 795 | APOE genotype | 6 weeks, 1 year | Insurance uptake, health-related behavior and other behavior changes |
Hypothetical Caselli et al. [28] | 2014 | USA | Survey | 4036 | Hypothetical disclosure | Not applicable | Anticipated health-related behavior and other behavior changes | |
Studies on social effects | ||||||||
Ashida et al. [35] | 2009 | USA | REVEAL II | RCT | 271 | APOE genotype | 6 weeks | Results communication |
Ashida et al. [31] | 2010 | USA | REVEAL II | RCT | 269 | APOE genotype | Base, 6 weeks, 1 year | Relation results communication and anxiety, depression and test-related distress |
Chilibeck et al. [26] | 2011 | Canada/USA | REVEAL I | Qualitative | 79 | APOE genotype | Not reported | Risk perception in relation to family history |
Hypothetical Caselli et al. [28] | 2014 | USA | Survey | 4036 | Hypothetical disclosure | Not applicable | Anticipated results communication | |