Fig. 1

PRISMA flow diagram illustrating process of study selection. In the last step, three studies were excluded due to overlapping data. Fanshawe et al. [53] was excluded because the behavioral outcomes relevant to our research question are also reported in Chao et al. [22]. Cassidy et al. [54] was excluded because the psychological effects relevant to our research question are described more extensively in Green et al. [23] Finally, Roberts et al. [55] was excluded because the psychological effects are described in Green et al. [23] and the behavioral effects in Chao et al. [22] and Zick et al. [24]. AD Alzheimer’s disease, CINAHL Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature