Identifying biomarkers of dementia prevalent among amnestic mild cognitively impaired ethnic female patients

Table 2 Plasma biomarkers measured for each category reflecting neuropathological, vascular, and inflammatory implications

Biomarker	Type	Regulation in AD	References
Aβ₄₀	Neuropathological	↑	Mehta et al., 2000 [45]
Aβ₄₂	Neuropathological	↓	Craig-Schapiro et al., 2009 [56]
Total tau	Neuropathological	↑	Sunderland et al., 2003 [64]
Phospho-tau	Neuropathological	↑	Hampel and Teipel, 2004 [65]
Cystatin C	Neuropathological	↓	Sundelof et al., 2008 [55] Hu et al., 2012 [66]
C-reactive protein (CRP)	Vascular	↑	Yasojima et al., 2000 [67] Hu et al., 2012 [66] Cortes-Canteli et al., 2012 [68]
Fibrinogen	Vascular	↑	Hu et al., 2012 [66]
Plasminogen activator/inhibitor	Vascular	↑	Oh et al., 2014 [60]
MCP-10	Inflammatory	↑	Galimberti et al., 2006 [69]
Eotaxin 1G	Inflammatory	↑	Choi et al., 2008 [37]
YKL-40G	Inflammatory	↑	Craig-Schapiro et al., 2010 [39]
Progranulin G	Inflammatory	↑	D’Alton and Lewis, 2014 [70]

Biomarkers were chosen based on preclinical and clinical relevance to AD. Arrows indicate changes in biomarkers suggested from referred literature
AD Alzheimer’s disease

ISSN: 1758-9193