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Table 1 Clinical and demographic features of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies patients, Alzheimer’s disease at the mild cognitive impairment or prodromal stage, and healthy elderly control subjects

From: Grey matter atrophy in prodromal stage of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease

 

Pro-DLB (n = 28; 2 NCL, 26 SXB)

Pro-AD (n = 27; 1 NCL, 26 SXB)

HC (n = 33; 30 NCL, 3 SXB)

Test statistic, P value

Post hoc analysisa

Age, years, mean (SD)

67.5 (9.2)

69.3 (7.8)

72.4 (10.4)

F = 2.189, P = 0.118

 

Education,b 1/2/3

11/4/8

11/3/12

1/14/11

H = 2.116, P = 0.347

 

Sex, F/M

16/12

7/20

18/15

χ2 = 6.726, P = 0.035c

 

Handedness, R/L

26/2

24/3

29/4

χ2 = 1.558, P = 0.459

 

MMSE score

27.6 (2.1)

26.9 (1.9)

29.4 (0.9)

H = 31.897, P < 0.0001c

HC > pro-AD and pro-DLB

TMTA,d impaired subjects

60.7 %

32.0 %

0 %

H = 12.174, P < 0.002c

HC > pro-DLB

TMTB,d impaired subjects

71.4 %

44.0 %

0 %

H = 15.245, P < 0.0001c

HC > pro-DLB

CDR Sum of Boxes, 0/0.5/1/2/3

2/26/0/0/0

1/26/0/0/0

33/0/0/0/0

H = 75.466, P < 0.0001c

HC < pro-DLB and pro-AD

Parkinsonisme

     

 Rigidity, 0/1/2/3/4

7/20/1/0/0

23/4/0/0/0

33/0/0/0/0

H = 44.388, P < 0.0001c

Pro-DLB > HC and pro-AD

 Akinesia, 0/1/2/3/4

10/14/3/1/0

23/4/0/0/0

31/2/0/0/0

H = 29.156, P < 0.0001c

Pro-DLB > HC and pro-AD

 Tremor at rest, 0/1/2/3/4

17/9/2/0/0

27/0/0/0/0

33/0/0/0/0

H = 19.360, P < 0.0001c

Pro-DLB > HC and pro-AD

Hallucinations

60.7 %

0 %

0 %

χ2 = 44.521, P < 0.0001c

 

Fluctuations

92.9 %

0 %

0 %

χ2 = 65.972, P < 0.0001c

 

CAFb

3.5 (3.6)

0.0 (0)

0 (0)

H = 34.872, P < 0.0001c

Pro-DLB > HC and pro-AD

RBD

56.0 %

7.7 %

0 %

H = 31.696, P < 0.0001c

Pro-DLB > HC and pro-AD

Treatment

     

 ChEI

28.6 %

48.1 %

0.0 %

χ2 = 18.253, P < 0.0001c

 

 Dopa

28.6 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

χ2 = 19.274, P < 0.0001c

 

 NL

10.7 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

χ2 = 6.793, P = 0.033c

 

CSF, mean (SD), number of subjects

     

 Aβ1–42

859.3 (336.7) n = 23

579.0 (287.4), n = 23

F = 5.345, P = 0.008c

Pro-DLB > pro-AD

 Phospho-tau

43.6 (13.9), n = 23

93.7 (36.8), n = 23

F = 18.805, P < 0.0001c

Pro-DLB < pro-AD

 Tau

313.0 (286.3), n = 23

660.6 (355.4), n = 23

F = 6.895, P = 0.002c

Pro-DLB < pro-AD

Hippocampal atrophy,f 0/1/2/3/4

     

 Left hippocampus

14/10/2/2/0

5/16/4/2/0

27/5/1/0/0

H = 23.992, P < 0.0001c

HC < pro-AD and pro-DLB

 Right Hippocampus

14/10/4/0/0

5/14/7/1/0

22/8/2/1/0

H = 13.591, P < 0.001c

Pro-AD < HC and pro-DLB

  1. Abbreviations: Aβ 1–42 amyloid-β1–42, CAF Clinician Assessment of Fluctuation, CDR Clinical Dementia Rating, ChEI cholinesterase inhibitor, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, Dopa levodopa or dopaminergic agonists, HC healthy elderly control subjects, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, NCL old age psychiatry, geriatric medicine or neurology services from Newcastle upon Tyne, NL neuroleptic, pro-AD prodromal Alzheimer’s disease, pro-DLB prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies, RBD rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, SXB tertiary memory clinic of Strasbourg, TMT Trail Making Test
  2. aTukey’s post hoc test for analysis of variance (F), Mann-Whitney post hoc test in IBM SPSS software (H)
  3. bEducation level: 1 = before high school, 2 = high school, 3 = university
  4. cStatistically significant value
  5. dpercentage of patients with test failure according to the normative data of Tombaugh, 2004 [30]
  6. eAs rated on Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale [28]
  7. fAccording to Scheltens et al. [31]