| Active tDCS (n = 12) | Placebo tDCS (n = 13) | Difference |
p Value |
---|
Primary outcomes |
CVLT-II immediate recall | 5.0 (25.0) | 0.0 (31.0) | 5.0 | 0.270 |
CVLT-II delayed recall | 0.0 (1.5) | 0.0 (2.5) | 0.0 | 0.052 |
CVLT-II recognition | 0.3 (4.0) | −0.08 (1.6) | 0.47 | 0.089 |
Secondary outcomes |
MMSE | 1.0 (9.0) | 1.0 (10.0) | 0.0 | 0.799 |
Clock-drawing test | 0.0 (4.0) | 0.0 (5.0) | 0.0 | 0.378 |
TMT A | 3.5 (262.0) | −7.0 (219.0) | 10.5 | 0.288 |
TMT B | 22.0 (204.0) | −96.0 (443.0) | 118.0 | 0.093 |
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CVLT-II California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, TMT Trail Making Test, tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation
- Data are the median (range) values. The median values are the estimated change from baseline to posttesting. The positive values indicate positive changes. For the CVLT-II immediate recall, the median value is displayed as a T-score. For the CVLT-II delayed recall, the median value is displayed as a scaled z-score. For CVLT recognition, the median value is an adjusted d′ score. The differences between the placebo and active tDCS were calculated using a nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test