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Table 2 Outcome measures

From: Transcranial direct current stimulation as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

 

Active tDCS (n = 12)

Placebo tDCS (n = 13)

Difference

p Value

Primary outcomes

 CVLT-II immediate recall

5.0 (25.0)

0.0 (31.0)

5.0

0.270

 CVLT-II delayed recall

0.0 (1.5)

0.0 (2.5)

0.0

0.052

 CVLT-II recognition

0.3 (4.0)

−0.08 (1.6)

0.47

0.089

Secondary outcomes

 MMSE

1.0 (9.0)

1.0 (10.0)

0.0

0.799

 Clock-drawing test

0.0 (4.0)

0.0 (5.0)

0.0

0.378

 TMT A

3.5 (262.0)

−7.0 (219.0)

10.5

0.288

 TMT B

22.0 (204.0)

−96.0 (443.0)

118.0

0.093

  1. CVLT-II California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, TMT Trail Making Test, tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation
  2. Data are the median (range) values. The median values are the estimated change from baseline to posttesting. The positive values indicate positive changes. For the CVLT-II immediate recall, the median value is displayed as a T-score. For the CVLT-II delayed recall, the median value is displayed as a scaled z-score. For CVLT recognition, the median value is an adjusted d′ score. The differences between the placebo and active tDCS were calculated using a nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test