Table 1 Clinical and demographic features of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy elderly control subjects

Sex, M/F

7/9

16/17

8/7

χ² = 0.097, P = 0.952

Age, yr^a

68.3 (10.5)

68 (8.4)

70.9 (11.1)

F = 0.491, P = 0.614

Handedness, R/L

15/1

30/3

14/1

χ² = 0.156, P = 0.925

Education, yr^a

11.9 (3.2)

12.4 (3.2)

13.5 (3.6)

F = 0.882, P = 0.419

Disease duration, yr^a

4.6 (4.2)

3.6 (1.8)

F = 0.715, P = 0.402

MMSE^a

29.3 (0.9)

27.2 (1.8)

27 (2.6)

H = 17.833, P < 0.000

HC > DLB and AD

IADL on scale of 8^a

7.8 (0.4)

7.1 (1.3)

7.6 (0.8)

H = 3.671, P = 0.160

Hallucinations

0 %

66.6 %

0 %

χ² = 31.492, P < 0.000

Fluctuations

 Mayo Clinic Fluctuation Scale

37.5 %

93.9 %

26.7 %

χ² = 26.810, P < 0.000

 Clinician Assessment of Fluctuation

0.56 (2.25)

3.78 (3.1)

0.38 (1)

H = 22.050, P < 0.000

DLB > HC and AD

Parkinsonism

 Akinesia (0/1/2/3/4)

16/0/0/0/0

11/18/4/0/0

15/1/0/0/0

H = 27.189, P < 0.000

DLB > HC and AD

 Rigidity (0/1/2/3/4)

16/0/0/0/0

4/25/3/1/0

10/5/0/0/0

H = 35.112, P < 0.000

DLB > HC and AD

 Tremor at rest (0/1/2/3/4)

16/0/0/0/0

20/12/0/0/0

13/2/0/0/0

H = 9.031, P = 0.011

DLB > HC

Treatments

 Cholinesterase inhibitor

0 %

28.1 %

41.7 %

χ² = 7.535 P = 0.023

 Neuroleptics

0 %

6.3 %

0 %

χ² = 1.810, P = 0.404

  l-dopa or dopaminergic agonists

6.3 %^b

43.8 %

0 %

χ² = 11.611, P = 0.003

Cerebrospinal fluid

 Normal/abnormal

27/0

0/12

χ² = 40, P < 0.000

 Aβ₄₂ ^a

943.1 (334.5)

533.3 (306.9)

F = 12.369, P = 0.001

DLB > AD

 Tau^a

303.1 (110.1)

643.1 (305.7)

F = 27.135, P < 0.000

AD > DLB

 p-Tau^a

46.3 (14.3)

86.7 (26.6)

F = 38.712, P < 0.000

AD > DLB

 IATI^a

1.7 (0.5)

0.6 (0.3)

F = 35.606, P < 0.000

DLB > AD

Hippocampi atrophy

 Right (0/1/2/3/4)

4/9/2/0/0

11/10/5/1/0

0/3/6/0/0

H = 8.030, P = 0.018

AD > HC and DLB

 Left (0/1/2/3/4)

6/7/2/0/0

13/8/5/1/0

0/5/3/1/0

H = 6.590, P = 0.037

AD > DLB