Mild versus moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease: three-year outcomes in a routine clinical setting of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy

Table 4 Factors affecting the long-term outcome with IADL or PSMS score as dependent variables

	IADL			PSMS
Significant predictors in final mixed models^a	β	95 % CI	p	β	95 % CI	p
Percentage of variance accounted for, all fixed terms	56.0 %, p <0.001			39.9 %, p <0.001
Fixed terms
Intercept	2.375	−3.349, 8.099	0.414	4.844	2.154, 7.534	<0.001
Time in months from baseline	0.515	0.407, 0.623	<0.001	0.188	0.162, 0.213	<0.001
Baseline assessment score	1.431	0.926, 1.936	<0.001	0.900	0.789, 1.011	<0.001
Baseline assessment score²	−0.016	−0.029, −0.003	0.019			ns
Time in months × baseline assessment score	−0.013	−0.017, −0.008	<0.001			ns
Time in months² × baseline assessment score	−0.0001	−0.0002, −0.00002	0.010			ns
Background variables
MMSE score at baseline	−0.195	−0.374, −0.016	0.033	−0.203	−0.339, −0.067	0.004
ChEI dose^b	−0.025	−0.048, −0.002	0.037	−0.019	−0.035, −0.003	0.021
Random terms (variance)
Intercept	5.089	3.832, 6.757	<0.001	1.762	1.048, 2.963	<0.001
Time in months	0.008	0.005, 0.012	<0.001	0.017	0.013, 0.024	<0.001

Sex, apolipoprotein E genotype, solitary living, age at onset, age at baseline, years of education, number of medications and specific concomitant medications used at baseline, as well as the variable comparing the ChEI agents, were not significant predictors in the models. β values were unstandardized and are expressed per 1 unit increase for continuous variables and for the condition present in dichotomous variables
^aBaseline assessment score = IADL or PSMS, respectively
^bMean percentage of the maximum recommended dose; that is, 10 mg for donepezil, 12 mg for rivastigmine and 24 mg for galantamine
ChEI cholinesterase inhibitors, CI confidence interval, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, ns not significant, PSMS Physical Self-Maintenance Scale

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