Fig. 1

Increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurogranin and YKL-40 in Alzheimer’s disease. Scatterplots of CSF neurogranin (a) and YKL-40 (b) in patients with mild cognitive impairment not due to Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-o, black squares), mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD, circles with a cross), Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD-D, black circles), and non-Alzheimer’s disease dementia (non-AD-D), consisting of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (withe circles), vascular dementia (semi-filled squares), dementia with Lewy bodies (white squares), and dementia of unknown origin (semi-filled circles). Data are presented as median and interquartile range. Differences between the groups were calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s posttest. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001