| |
Cognitively normal
|
MCI
|
AD
|
|---|
|
(n = 37)
|
(n = 61)
|
(n = 65)
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
64 (2)
|
68 (1)*
|
65 (1)
|
|
Sex, female
|
14 (38 %)
|
23 (38 %)
|
29 (45 %)
|
|
MMSE at baseline (range 0–30)a
|
28 (0.3)
|
27 (0.3)*
|
22 (0.7)†,‡
|
|
APOE genotype, ε4 carrierb
|
15 (42 %)
|
33 (57 %)
|
45 (70 %)*
|
|
Follow-up time (years)
|
2.4 (0.2)
|
2.0 (0.1)
|
1.9 (0.1)
|
|
CSF biomarkers
| | | |
|
Aβ42 (pg/ml)
|
741 (44)
|
530 (32)†
|
412 (18)†,‡
|
|
tau (pg/ml)
|
349 (38)
|
606 (64)†
|
688 (44)†
|
|
ptau-181 (pg/ml)
|
54 (4)
|
78 (6)†
|
86 (4)†
|
- Data presented as mean (standard error) or number (percentage). Fisher’s exact test or ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni corrections were used when applicable. CSF biomarkers were log-transformed for ANOVA analyses
-
aBaseline MMSE (with 30 indicative of perfect performance) was available for 160 patients, and follow-up MMSE was available for 148 patients; the cognitive follow-up period was (mean (standard error) 3.8 (0.2) years)
-
b
APOE genotype data were available for 36 cognitively normal individuals, 58 MCI patients, and 64 AD patients (total 158)
-
*
p ≤ 0.05 vs. cognitively normal
-
†
p ≤ 0.005 vs. cognitively normal
-
‡
p ≤ 0.005 vs. MCI
-
Aβ42 amyloid beta 1–42, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ANOVA analysis of variance, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, ptau-181 tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, tau total tau
