Cerebrospinal fluid VILIP-1 and YKL-40, candidate biomarkers to diagnose, predict and monitor Alzheimer’s disease in a memory clinic cohort

Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics and CSF biomarkers in diagnostic groups

Data presented as mean (standard error) or number (percentage). Fisher’s exact test or ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni corrections were used when applicable. CSF biomarkers were log-transformed for ANOVA analyses
^aBaseline MMSE (with 30 indicative of perfect performance) was available for 160 patients, and follow-up MMSE was available for 148 patients; the cognitive follow-up period was (mean (standard error) 3.8 (0.2) years)
^b APOE genotype data were available for 36 cognitively normal individuals, 58 MCI patients, and 64 AD patients (total 158)
^* p ≤ 0.05 vs. cognitively normal
^† p ≤ 0.005 vs. cognitively normal
^‡ p ≤ 0.005 vs. MCI
Aβ42 amyloid beta 1–42, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ANOVA analysis of variance, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, ptau-181 tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, tau total tau

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