Fig. 1

Various morphologies of microglia in human brain sections. Progressive changes in morphology of HLA-DR-expressing microglia in a pathology-rich section from an AD case. HLA-DR-expressing microglia can be found with various activation morphologies ranging from a highly ramified to c moderately hypertrophic to e highly activated with enlarged cell body and processes. b, d Intermediate changes in morphology. Sections were stained using antibody LN3 (1:1,000 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) using nickel-enhanced diaminobenzidine peroxidase immunohistochemistry and counterstained with neutral red