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Table 3 Focus psychosis: comparison of the brain monoamine levels between AD + D + P, AD + D-P, DLB + D + P and DLB + D-P

From: The monoaminergic footprint of depression and psychosis in dementia with Lewy bodies compared to Alzheimer’s disease

Brain region

MA and MT or ratio

AD + D + P (number = 5)

AD + D-P (number = 5)

DLB + D + P (number = 5)

DLB + D-P (number = 5)

BA9

HVA (ng/g)

146.6 (85.1-198.0); n = 4

127.2 (117.8-152.5); n = 5b

110.7 (81.8-156.2); n = 5

51.5 (44.1-73.0); n = 5b

 

5-HT (ng/g)

5.3 (3.3-15.8); n = 4

14.1 (8.7-76.8); n = 5b, d

4.2 (1.7-5.2); n = 5d

3.4 (2.6-3.5); n = 5b

BA10

5-HIAA (ng/g)

227.6 (99.6-331.1); n = 5

250.9 (169.7-441.7); n = 5d

70.0 (56.1-128.9); n = 5d

87.7 (63.2-180.0); n = 5

 

HVA (ng/g)

111.3 (84.7-131.7); n = 5c

117.9 (95.0-139.2); n = 5b

62.1 (59.2-104.8); n = 5

45.0 (31.9-54.4); n = 5c, b

 

5-HT (ng/g)

16.0 (10.4-35.8); n = 5a, c

16.1 (10.8-161.0); n = 5b, d

4.6 (1.6-5.6); n = 5a, d

4.1 (2.9-6.0); n = 5c, b

BA24

HVA (ng/g)

212.8 (163.4-265.0); n = 5

216.2 (185.3-263.1); n = 5b

167.7 (131.2-206.1); n = 5

102.9 (79.6-140.2); n = 5b

 

5-HT (ng/g)

32.2 (29.3-48.7); n = 5

47.0 (39.4-165.6); n = 5d

18.9 (7.1-24.6); n = 5d

22.0 (14.9-32.0); n = 5

Hippocampus

MHPG (ng/g)

459.5 (224.9-1,000.7); n = 5

1,078.1 (850.3-1,099.3); n = 5d

358.9 (171.2-569.5); n = 5d

383.1 (318.3-570.7); n = 5

 

HVA (ng/g)

193.9 (146.5-462.3); n = 5

245.6 (174.4-284.7); n = 5b

143.3 (114.4-250.4); n = 5

116.9 (106.4-138.6); n = 5b

Thalamus

MHPG (ng/g)

793.0 (678.3-1,344.8); n = 5

1,342.5 (1,273.7-1,860.6); n = 5b, d

245.5 (143.1-569.9); n = 5d

251.6 (164.9-697.1); n = 5b

 

DA (ng/g)

17.0 (7.1-22.7); n = 5

11.1 (9.3-857.5); n = 5b

1.1 (1.0-5.3); n = 5

1.7 (0.8-5.6); n = 5b

 

HVA/DA

32.0 (25.5-53.1); n = 5

30.1 (5.7-42.4); n = 5d

230.5 (146.2-382.8); n = 5d

137.7 (26.5-439.3); n = 5

BA22

5-HIAA (ng/g)

756.7 (241.2-1,147.4); n = 5

450.2 (332.4-507.9); n = 5b

64.0 (44.1-162.6); n = 5

81.3 (49.0-158.8); n = 5b

 

HVA (ng/g)

181.7 (135.6-218.4); n = 5a, c

129.5 (80.6-178.2); n = 5

72.0 (61.0-104.0); n = 5a

50.8 (31.3-69.5); n = 5c

BA17

5-HIAA (ng/g)

138.3 (93.9-189.9); n = 4

143.6 (98.1-215.2); n = 5d

43.1 (22.4-60.3); n = 5d

54.7 (38.4-110.8); n = 5

 

5-HT (ng/g)

9.8 (4.2-19.5); n = 4

14.5 (7.4-26.8); n = 5b

2.5 (1.6-5.2); n = 5

3.5 (2.5-5.9); n = 5b

Locus coeruleus

DA (ng/g)

32.3 (20.2-132.4); n = 5c

52.5 (33.0-102.5); n = 4

21.1 (12.0-42.1); n = 5

12.1 (6.5-16.5); n = 5c

 

HVA (ng/g)

1,361.6 (963.2-1,908.4); n = 5c

1,225.4 (867.6-1,834.0); n = 4

884.8 (506.1-1,013.5); n = 5

408.0 (319.8-648.7); n = 5c

 

HVA/5-HIAA

0.3 (0.2-0.6); n = 5c

0.4 (0.2-0.5); n = 4

0.2 (0.2-0.4); n = 5

0.1 (0.08-0.2); n = 5c

  1. Median (IQR); Kruskal-Wallis analyses (P <0.05) with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests were performed; only data remaining statistically significant following Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (P <0.00833; one superscript letter) are presented above; the following letters are used: aAD + D + P vs. DLB + D + P, bAD + D-P vs. DLB + D-P, cAD + D + P vs. DLB + D-P and dAD + D-P vs. DLB + D + P.
  2. 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin); AD + D + P/-P, psychotic/nonpsychotic Alzheimer’s disease patients (within the depressed AD group); BA, Brodmann area; DA, dopamine; DLB + D + P/-P, psychotic/nonpsychotic dementia with Lewy bodies patients (within the depressed DLB group); HVA, homovanillic acid; MA and MT, monoamines and metabolites; MHPG, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol.