Table 1 Participant characteristics and neuropsychological performance

n

19

10

17

Age (years)

70.1 ± 7.0

72.1 ± 6.2

73.9 ± 6.7

Gender (female/male)

7/12^a

1/9^b

10/7^a

Education (years)

16.4 ± 3.2

16.4 ± 3.5

16.2 ± 2.9

l-Dopamine equivalent dose (mg)

476.2 ± 379.8^c

256.0 ± 280.3

0^d

Hoehn and Yahr stage

2.5 ± 0.4^c

2.25 ± 1.1^c

0^e

Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale

20.9 ± 7.4 ^f

30.3 ± 2.9^b

1.2 ± 2.5^e

Duration of motor symptoms (years)

8.6 ± 5.1^a

3.0 ± 0.7^d

-

Mini-Mental State Examination

28.1 ± 2.4^a

19.3 ± 9.2^b

28.9 ± 1.5^a

Clinical Dementia Rating Scale - sum of boxes

0.4 ± 0.6^a

7.2 ± 3.7^b

0.1 ± 0.2^a

Aggregate cognitive domain factors

Executive

Trailmaking Test B (seconds)

112.4 ± 67.7^a

298.8 ± 3.0^b

73.3 ± 27.7^a

Digit Symbol

41.3 ± 9.0^a

14.1 ± 11.1^b

47.8 ± 21.6^a

Episodic memory

Logical Memory I

12.9 ± 5.4^a

5.6 ± 1.5^b

16.5 ± 3.8^a

Logical Memory II

12.1 ± 6.0^a

5.4 ± 4.9^b

16.1 ± 4.1^a

Semantic memory and language

Free Selective Reminding Test

28.8 ± 6.0^a

18.4 ± 10.0^b

32.9 ± 6.2^a

Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test

47.0 ± 1.6

45.3 ± 2.6

46.3 ± 4.0

Boston Naming Test

27.7 ± 1.7^a

23.1 ± 7.9^b

27.9 ± 3.0^a

Letter Fluency

44.9 ± 12.4^a

24.0 ± 14.1^b

52.7 ± 12.2^a

Category Fluency

31.8 ± 6.9^a

13.9 ± 9.5^b

38.9 ± 15.0^a

Visuospatial skills

Visual Form Discrimination Test

28.9 ± 3.5^a

24.7 ± 5.0^b

30.6 ± 2.4