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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics

From: Predictors of long-term cognitive outcome in Alzheimer's disease

 

Donepezil

Rivastigmine

Galantamine

Total subjects

P- value

Variable

N = 456/54%

N = 183/22%

N = 204/24%

N = 843

 

Female gender

295/65%

106/58%

133/65%

534/63%

0.229

APOE ε4 carrier, (n = 829)

303/68%

119/66%

143/72%

565/68%

0.456

Solitary living at baseline

173/38%a

40/22%b

72/35%a

285/34%

< 0.001

Completion rate after three years

190/42%

85/46%

93/46%

368/44%

0.447

Antihypertensives/Cardiac therapy

177/39%

83/45%

70/35%

330/39%

0.096

Anti-diabetics

16/4%a

8/4%a, b

16/8%b

40/5%

0.048

Lipid-lowering agents

29/6%a

30/16%b

33/16%b

92/11%

< 0.001

Estrogens

38/8%

13/7%

8/4%

59/7%

0.124

NSAIDs/Acetylsalicylic acid

127/28%

65/36%

61/30%

253/30%

0.160

Antidepressants

114/25%

42/23%

53/26%

209/25%

0.754

Antipsychotics

26/6%a

4/2%a, b

3/2%b

33/4%

0.015

Anxiolytics/Sedatives/Hypnotics

63/14%

26/14%

24/12%

113/13%

0.750

Variable

Mean ± standard deviation (SD)

P- value

Estimated age at onset, years

72.6 ± 6.8a

71.6 ± 7.9a, b

70.9 ± 8.4b

71.9 ± 7.4

0.023

Estimated AD duration, years

3.1 ± 2.2

3.1 ± 2.5

2.9 ± 1.6

3.0 ± 2.1

0.380

Age at first assessment, years

75.7 ± 6.4a

74.6 ± 7.5a, b

73.7 ± 8.1b

75.0 ± 7.1

0.004

Education, years

9.3 ± 2.4a

9.0 ± 2.3a

10.0 ± 2.8b

9.4 ± 2.5

< 0.001

MMSE score at baseline

21.2 ± 3.8

21.6 ± 3.8

21.8 ± 3.6

21.4 ± 3.8

0.070

ADAS-cog score (0 to 70) at baseline

21.8 ± 8.8a

19.6 ± 8.9b

18.7 ± 8.7b

20.6 ± 8.9

< 0.001

IADL score at baseline

16.7 ± 5.5a

15.3 ± 5.1b

14.4 ± 5.3b

15.9 ± 5.4

< 0.001

PSMS score at baseline

7.6 ± 2.3a

7.4 ± 1.8a, b

7.1 ± 2.0b

7.4 ± 2.1

0.013

Number of medications at baseline

2.8 ± 2.3

3.0 ± 2.6

2.8 ± 2.5

2.8 ± 2.4

0.448

Mean dose of ChEI during the entire follow-up period, mg/day

7.1 ± 1.8

6.5 ± 2.1

16.1 ± 3.4

  

Follow up-visits per subject

5.9 ± 1.8

6.1 ± 1.7

6.1 ± 1.7

6.0 ± 1.8

0.380

  1. a, b Results from post hoc tests (Bonferroni correction) are indicated by superscript letters (two groups with the same letter do not differ significantly within that variable).
  2. Abbreviations: ADAS-cog, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; APOE, Apolipoprotein E; ChEI, cholinesterase inhibitors; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NSAID, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PSMS, Physical Self-Maintenance Scale.
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193