From: Proteinopathy-induced neuronal senescence: a hypothesis for brain failure in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases
Protein
Alteration(s) in AD
Association with senescence
p53
↑ in neurons, astrocytes [149, 150]
Constitutively active p53 can induce senescence [151, 152]
INK4A (p16)
↑ in neurons with NFT [153, 154]
Activated in senescence [155, 156]
Senescence associated-β-galactosidasea
Not examined
Classic widely accepted biomarker of senescence [92]
Cylcins D, E
↑ in neurons [157]
↑ in endothelial cells and fibroblasts during senescence [158, 159]