Table 2 Summary of combined magnetic resonance imaging and fluoro-deoxy-glucose studies in Alzheimer's disease

Yamaguchi et al., 1997 [78]

13 AD, 13 CN

Hippocampal volume and mean cortical cerebral glucose metabolic rates of the temporal lobe, temporo-parieto-occipital, and frontal regions were correlated.

De Santi et al., 2001 [59]

11 CN, 15 MCI, 12 AD

Accuracy for separation of MCI and CN: MRI: 73%; FDG: 73% to 85% AD and CN: MRI: 83%; FDG: 100%

FDG and MRI measures in hippocampal formation best characterize MCI, and additional neocortical damage best characterizes AD.

Ishii et al., 2005 [79]

30 CN, 30 very mild AD

VBM: decrease in MRI in medial temporal lobes and decrease in FDG in posterior cingulate and parietal lobule

Kawachi et al., 2006 [60]

60 CN, 30 very mild AD, 32 mild AD

Accuracy for separating very mild AD and CN: FDG: 89%; MRI: 83%; MRI + FDG: 94%

VBM: decrease in MRI in bilateral amygdala/hippocampus complex and decrease in FDG in bilateral posterior cingulate and parietotemporal area

Mosconi et al., 2006 [58]

7 CN, 7 asymptomatic at-risk FAD

Accuracy for separation of both groups: MRI: 43% to 86%; FDG: 50% to 100%

FDG showed significant decrease but little sMRI change in asymptomatic subjects.

Ishii et al., 2007 [62]

20 very mild AD, 20 DLB, 20 CN

Accuracy for separation of DLB and AD: MRI: 62% to 80%; FDG: 66% to 87%

Both MRI and FDG had a hippocampal decrease due to AD.

Matsunari et al., 2007 [61]

Group 1: 40 CN, 27 AD Group 2 (early- and late-onset): 50 CN, 34 AD

Accuracy for different comparisons: MRI: 74% to 92%; FDG: 92% to 100%

VBM: decrease in MRI in hippocampal complex and decrease in FDG in posterior cingulate and parietotemporal area

Samuraki et al., 2007 [80]

73 CN, 39 AD

VBM: FDG uptake was preserved in the medial temporal lobe before as well as after correction with MRI.

Chetelat et al., 2008 [81]

15 CN, 18 mild AD

FDG hypometabolism exceeds MRI atrophy in the posterior cingulate-precuneus, orbitofrontal, inferior temporo-parietal, parahippocampal, angular, and fusiform areas. Similar degrees of atrophy and hypometabolism were observed in the hippocampus.

Hinrichs et al., 2009 [63]

CN and AD subjects from ADNI: MRI: 183, FDG: 149

AUROC for discrimination of AD and CN: MRI: 0.88; FDG: 0.87

Walhovd et al., 2009 [82]

22 CN, 44 MCI

MRI predicted diagnostic groups for most regions of interest, but PET did not, except a trend for the precuneus metabolism.

Yuan et al., 2009 [30]

Meta-analysis of 24 MCI studies (1112 subjects)

Odds ratio of predicting MCI conversion to AD: MRI: 10.6; FDG: 40.1

FDG was better than MRI in predicting conversion of MCI to AD.

Morbelli et al., 2010 [83]

12 CN, 11 stable MCI, 9 MCI who progressed to AD

MCI converters showed MRI changes in left parahippocampus and both thalami, whereas FDG showed MRI changes in left PCC, precuneus, superior parietal lobule.

Walhovd et al., 2010 [44]

42 CN, 73 MCI, 38 AD (ADNI)

Accuracy for baseline separation of AD and CN: MRI: 85%; FDG: 82.5%

MRI and FDG were largely overlapping in value for discrimination.