Table 3 Mean (standard deviation) and effect size estimates for domain-specific measures of cognitive function over time in treated and untreated patients with mild–moderate Alzheimer’s disease
From: Treatment effects in multiple cognitive domains in Alzheimer’s disease: a two-year cohort study
Measure | Assessment | Mean (standard deviation) | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Time | Treated | Untreated | (Cohen’s d) | |
DRS attention | Baseline | 34.5 (3.2) | 35.1 (2.0) | |
1 year | 33.6 (3.9) | 33.6 (3.9) | 0.50 | |
2 years | 31.7 (5.2) | 30.2 (7.8) | 0.40 | |
DRS initiation | Baseline | 29.6 (6.1) | 27.2 (6.2) | |
1 year | 28.6 (6.5) | 25.4 (7.8) | 0.51 | |
2 years | 24.6 (9.2) | 19.6 (8.7) | 0.50 | |
DRS construction | Baseline | 5.0 (1.2) | 5.4 (1.4) | |
1 year | 5.0 (1.3) | 4.9 (1.8) | 0.52 | |
2 years | 4.3 (1.7) | 4.4 (2.0) | ||
DRS conceptualization | Baseline | 33.3 (5.8) | 34.2 (3.8) | |
1 year | 34.4 (4.6) | 32.0 (6.3) | 0.53 | |
2 years | 31.4 (7.1) | 27.2 (10.5) | 0.60 | |
DRS memory | Baseline | 16.9 (4.0) | 15.8 (4.3) | |
1 year | 15.5 (4.2) | 14.1 (4.0) | ||
2 years | 12.3 (5.0) | 10.4 (4.1) | ||
VR2 | Baseline | 3.4 (5.9) | 4.4 (5.6) | |
1 year | 3.0 (5.4) | 1.6 (3.8) | ||
2 years | 1.7 (5.4) | 1.3 (2.6) | ||
BDS | Baseline | 5.3 (2.2) | 5.1 (2.5) | |
1 year | 4.9 (2.1) | 4.5 (2.4) | 0.40 | |
2 years | 4.9 (2.5) | 3.9 (2.5) | 0.50 | |
REY | Baseline | 25.7 (9.0) | 25.5 (10.8) | |
1 year | 25.1 (10.1) | 21.4 (13.8) | 0.5 | |
2 years | 22.1 (10.6) | 17.2 (24.2) | ||
Benton Line Orientation Test | Baseline | 20.6 (7.6) | 19.8 (9.1) | |
1 year | 18.8 (9.8) | 17.2 (9.7) | ||
2 years | 17.7 (9.5) | 16.1 (10.3) | ||
WCST | Baseline | 41.5 (8.3) | 36.9 (7.7) | |
1 year | 41.3 (8.8) | 35.3 (10.3) | ||
2 years | 36.6 (9.3) | 32.6 (10.1) | ||
Boston Naming Test | Baseline | 22.2 (5.4) | 20.9 (6.3) | |
1 year | 20.3 (6.7) | 17.5 (7.5) | 0.50 | |
2 years | 18.7 (8.3) | 13.3 (8.5) | 0.60 | |
Semantic Fluency | Baseline | 12.4 (4.4) | 10.1 (4.3) | |
1 year | 10.6 (5.1) | 7.9 (4.2) | ||
2 years | 8.9 (4.2) | 5.8 (4.0) | ||
FAS | Baseline | 31.6 (12.7) | 24.8 (11.6) | |
1 year | 30.3 (11.6) | 21.3 (13.2) | 0.73 | |
2 years | 24.0 (11.8) | 17.6 (12.1) | ||