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Table 1 Baseline characteristics for treated ( n= 65) and untreated ( n= 65) patients with mild–moderate Alzheimer’s disease

From: Treatment effects in multiple cognitive domains in Alzheimer’s disease: a two-year cohort study

Factor

Untreated

Treated

χ2/ t statistic (df)

P valuea

Males/females

32/33

36/29

0.50 (1)

0.50

Age

71.4 ± 8.4

71.9 ± 9.9

0.70 (128)

0.70

Education (years)

13.5 ± 3.5

13.3 ± 3.9

0.50 (128)

0.50

Handedness

  

0.40 (1)

0.80

Right

60

63

Both

5

2

Handedness 2

  

0.021 (1)

0.90

Right

32

55

Both

2

3

Symptom duration (years)

3.5 ± 2.3

2.8 ± 2.3

0.11 (128)

0.80

Mini-Mental State Examination

22.4 ± 3.7

23.1 ± 3.6

1.1 (128)

0.30

Dementia Rating Scale

116.8 ± 11.0

118.8 ± 14.3

0.98 (128)

0.32

Disability Assessment for Dementia

78.9 ± 15.9

82.8 ± 17.3

0.10 (128)

0.90

Instrumental activities of daily living

65.9 ± 25.2

72.2 ± 24.6

0.10 (128)

0.92

Basic activities of daily living

95.8 ± 5.9

95.2 ± 9.1

1.90 (128)

0.06

BEHAVE-AD

5.3 ± 3.6

5.6 ± 6.5

0.20 (128)

0.80

Hypertension

24

16

2.3

0.10

Hyperlipidemia

9

11

 

0.80

Diabetes

4

3

 

1.00

Smoking

  

7.4

0.02

Never

42

32

Current

6

2

Previous

17

31

Family history of stroke

10

13

 

0.65

Cerebrovascular disease

4

8

 

0.36

Cardiac disease

11

8

 

0.60

Peripheral vascular disease

5

1

 

0.21

Chronic respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary disease

36

47

1.90

0.20

Depressive symptoms (not due to primary psychiatric illness)

0

3

 

0.20

Neurological problems (for example, migraines)

8

14

 

0.20

Endocrine/metabolic deficiency/infectious diseases

10

7

 

0.60

Chemical exposure

4

1

 

0.40

Ear–nose–throat

15

16

 

1.00

Cancer

7

9

 

0.80

Musculoskeletal disease

19

25

1.2

0.27

Statins

8

7

 

1.00

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

9

17

 

0.12

Cardiovascular

23

19

0.56

0.45

Antithrombotics

22

22

0.0

1.00

Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

4

2

 

0.68

Antipsychotics

1

0

 

1.00

Anticonvulsants

3

5

 

0.72

Diabetes

3

2

 

1.00

Hormone replacement therapy

8

9

 

1.00

Thyroid

9

8

 

1.00

  1. Data presented ± standard deviation unless otherwise stated. Fisher’s exact test was used for cells with counts ≤15. BEHAVE-AD, Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease; df, degrees of freedom. aCritical values corrected for multiple comparisons (Holm’s correction) – no significant difference.