From: Treatment effects in multiple cognitive domains in Alzheimer’s disease: a two-year cohort study
Factor | Untreated | Treated | χ2/ t statistic (df) | P valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|
Males/females | 32/33 | 36/29 | 0.50 (1) | 0.50 |
Age | 71.4 ± 8.4 | 71.9 ± 9.9 | 0.70 (128) | 0.70 |
Education (years) | 13.5 ± 3.5 | 13.3 ± 3.9 | 0.50 (128) | 0.50 |
Handedness | 0.40 (1) | 0.80 | ||
Right | 60 | 63 | ||
Both | 5 | 2 | ||
Handedness 2 | 0.021 (1) | 0.90 | ||
Right | 32 | 55 | ||
Both | 2 | 3 | ||
Symptom duration (years) | 3.5 ± 2.3 | 2.8 ± 2.3 | 0.11 (128) | 0.80 |
Mini-Mental State Examination | 22.4 ± 3.7 | 23.1 ± 3.6 | 1.1 (128) | 0.30 |
Dementia Rating Scale | 116.8 ± 11.0 | 118.8 ± 14.3 | 0.98 (128) | 0.32 |
Disability Assessment for Dementia | 78.9 ± 15.9 | 82.8 ± 17.3 | 0.10 (128) | 0.90 |
Instrumental activities of daily living | 65.9 ± 25.2 | 72.2 ± 24.6 | 0.10 (128) | 0.92 |
Basic activities of daily living | 95.8 ± 5.9 | 95.2 ± 9.1 | 1.90 (128) | 0.06 |
BEHAVE-AD | 5.3 ± 3.6 | 5.6 ± 6.5 | 0.20 (128) | 0.80 |
Hypertension | 24 | 16 | 2.3 | 0.10 |
Hyperlipidemia | 9 | 11 | 0.80 | |
Diabetes | 4 | 3 | 1.00 | |
Smoking | 7.4 | 0.02 | ||
Never | 42 | 32 | ||
Current | 6 | 2 | ||
Previous | 17 | 31 | ||
Family history of stroke | 10 | 13 | 0.65 | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 4 | 8 | 0.36 | |
Cardiac disease | 11 | 8 | 0.60 | |
Peripheral vascular disease | 5 | 1 | 0.21 | |
Chronic respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary disease | 36 | 47 | 1.90 | 0.20 |
Depressive symptoms (not due to primary psychiatric illness) | 0 | 3 | 0.20 | |
Neurological problems (for example, migraines) | 8 | 14 | 0.20 | |
Endocrine/metabolic deficiency/infectious diseases | 10 | 7 | 0.60 | |
Chemical exposure | 4 | 1 | 0.40 | |
Ear–nose–throat | 15 | 16 | 1.00 | |
Cancer | 7 | 9 | 0.80 | |
Musculoskeletal disease | 19 | 25 | 1.2 | 0.27 |
Statins | 8 | 7 | 1.00 | |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 9 | 17 | 0.12 | |
Cardiovascular | 23 | 19 | 0.56 | 0.45 |
Antithrombotics | 22 | 22 | 0.0 | 1.00 |
Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs | 4 | 2 | 0.68 | |
Antipsychotics | 1 | 0 | 1.00 | |
Anticonvulsants | 3 | 5 | 0.72 | |
Diabetes | 3 | 2 | 1.00 | |
Hormone replacement therapy | 8 | 9 | 1.00 | |
Thyroid | 9 | 8 | 1.00 |