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Figure 3 | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Figure 3

From: A coimmunization vaccine of Aβ42 ameliorates cognitive deficits without brain inflammation in an Alzheimer’s disease model

Figure 3

Coimmunization improves behavior of amyloid precursor protein 695 mice in open-field and Morris water maze tests. Groups of amyloid precursor protein 695 (APP695) mice (n = 9) were treated with the indicated vaccines. Age- and sex-matched nontransgenic littermates (that is, wild type (WT)) that did not receive any treatment were used as controls. APP695 mice without vaccination were used as the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model controls. (A) Thigmotaxis was assessed on the basis of the amount of time spent in the peripheral and central zones with regard to autonomous behaviors in the open-field test. (B) Graph showing the frequency of exhibition of total mobile changes in the open-field test. (C) Graph of the learning and memory abilities demonstrated in the Morris water maze. Plotted is the escape latency during 3 days of hidden platform tests. (D) After withdrawal of the platform on the fourth day, the time spent in the original underwater platform zones 4 and 5 was determined. All data are presented as mean ± SD. For the Morris water maze tests, escape latency in the hidden platform trial was assessed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measurements. One-way ANOVA was used for the data obtained from the probe trial. We used t-tests to compare two groups. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with AD model mice. co-Aβ42, APP695 mice immunized with co-amyloid-β42 vaccine; pro-Aβ42, APP695 mice immunized with amyloid-β42 protein vaccine.

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