Interpreting Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in light of the effects on amyloid-β

Table 1 Alzheimer’s disease and human Aβ levels

Disease state	Affect on Aβ	Type of study	Reference
APP gene duplication	50%↑ production inferred	Gene copy number in patients	[5]
Trisomy 21	50%↑ production inferred	mRNA levels in patients	[6]
Protective APP allele	25%↓ production	Cell culture	[8]
Presenilin FAD	Aβ42/Aβ40 1%↑ per year earlier age of onset	Cell culture	[9, 10]
Presenilin FAD	Aβ42/Aβ40 24%↑ clearance	Patient CSF samples	[12]
Sporadic AD	Aβ42 30%↓ clearance; Aβ42 26%↓ clearance	Patient CSF samples	[7]
APP FAD	Aβ42↑ and Aβ38↑ production	Cell culture	[13]

Aβ, amyloid-β; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; APP, amyloid precursor protein; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; FAD, familial Alzheimer’s disease.

ISSN: 1758-9193