Figure 1

Calmodulin levels in lymphoblasts from control, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disease patients. Immortalized lymphocytes from all of the individuals listed in the upper part of Table 1 were seeded at an initial density of 1 × 10⁶/ml and cultured for 24 hours in RPMI medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. At that time, cells were harvested and calmodulin (CaM) was detected by immunoblotting. A representative experiment is shown. Band intensity was measured and normalized by that of β-actin. To compare the results between experiments, the same standard sample (ST) was included in every western blot assay, and all the values were referred to ST CaM levels. At least two different experiments were performed with each individual. Box plots represent the CaM content in lymphoblasts from healthy and neurodegenerative disease patients. (**p <0.0001, significantly different from control and the other neurodegenerative diseases). C, control; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; PD, Parkinson’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy.