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Table 5 Novel positron emission tomography ligands commonly used in studying cognitive disorders

From: Role of emerging neuroimaging modalities in patients with cognitive impairment: a review from the Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia 2012

Target

Ligands

Amyloid (novel ligands)

[11C]6-OH-BTA-1, Pittsburgh compound B

 

[11C]AZD2184

 

[11C]BF-227

 

[18F]Flutemetamol

 

[18F]BAY94-9172, florbetaben

 

[18F]AV-45, florbetapir

Tubulin associated unit

[18F]THK523

Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

[18F]Flurodopa: dopa decarboxylation and vesicular storage

 

[18F/11C]FP-CIT and related: dopa transporter

 

[11C]Raclopride: D2 receptor binding in basal ganglia

 

[18F]Fallypride: D2 receptor binding in the cortex

Serotonin

[11C]DASB and related: serotonin transporter

 

[11C]WAY-100635 and [18F]MPPF: 5-HT1A receptors

 

[18F/11C]Altanserin, [11C]MDL-100907: 5-HT2A receptors

Cholinergic

[11C]MP4A and related: acetyl choline esterase activity

 

[11C]Nicotine, [18F]A85380: nicotine receptors

 

[11C]NMPB, [18F]FP-TZTP: muscarinergic receptors

Neuroinflammation

[11C]Arachidonic acid: phospholipase enzymatic activity

 

[11C]Deprenyl: astrocytic activity irreversibly binds to the astrocytic enzyme monoamine oxidase B

Microglia activation

[11C]PK-11195

 

[11C]DAA1106

 

[11C]Vinpocetine