Cognitive reserve, cortical plasticity and resistance to Alzheimer's disease

Table 1 Some protective genetic effects against Alzheimer's disease

Gene(s)	SNP(s)	Control allelic frequency	Control combination frequency	Odds ratio of AD (95% CI)
Effects attributable to single genetic loci
CLU	rs1113600AvsG	A:40%		0.88 (0.86-0.90)^a
PICALM	rs3851179AvsG	A:36%		0.88 (0.86-0.90)^a
CD33	rs3865444VvsC	A:32%		0.89 (0.86-0.92)^a
Effects attributable to two-locus combinations
APOE	rs429358/rs7412 ε2 vs others		9.1%	0.44 (0.39-0.50)^b
PPARA, IL1A	rs4253766/rs378550 (TC+TT)/(CA+CC) vs others		11.4%	0.71 (0.57-0.90)^b,c
PPARA, IL1B	rs1800206/rs16944 (GC+GG)/(GA+GG) vs others		11.6%	0.74(0.60-0.92)^b,c

^aData from the AlzGene (Caucasians) [72]. ^bData from Farrer and colleagues (APOE) [73], the Epistasis Project (PPARA, IL1A, IL1B; all Caucasians). ^cControlling for age, sex and APOE4. AD, Alzheimer's disease; APOE, apolipoprotein E; CD33, CD33 antigen; CI, confidence interval; CLU, clusterin; IL1A, interleukin-1α; IL1B, interleukin-1β; PICALM, phosphatidyl inositol-binding clathrin assembly protein; PPARA, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Data in Table 1 are courtesy of DJ Lehmann.

ISSN: 1758-9193